Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
Oxygen Transport in the Blood01:27

Oxygen Transport in the Blood

Hemoglobin (Hb) is a crucial molecule in the human body, consisting of four polypeptide chains, each bound to an iron-containing heme group. This unique structure enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen, with each molecule capable of combining with four molecules of oxygen, leading to rapid and reversible oxygen loading. When fully loaded with oxygen, it is called oxyhemoglobin, while hemoglobin that has released oxygen is called reduced hemoglobin or deoxyhemoglobin. As hemoglobin binds oxygen,...
Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers01:31

Chemical Factors Affecting Respiration Centers

Chemical factors such as changing CO2, O2, and H+ levels in arterial blood play a critical role in influencing respiration depth and rates. These variations are detected by chemoreceptors—specialized sensors located in two primary body areas. Central chemoreceptors are found throughout the brain stem, including the ventrolateral medulla, while peripheral chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries.
CO2 has a potent influence on respiration and is strictly regulated. Under...
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
Physiological Control of Respiration01:23

Physiological Control of Respiration

Introduction
Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
Regulation of Ventilation
The body maintains ventilation by monitoring levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), oxygen (O2), and hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in the arterial blood. Among these factors, the level of CO2 plays a crucial...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Health and economic burdens of emerging infectious diseases in the USA, US territories and globally.

BMJ global health·2026
Same author

High-throughput phenomics of global ant biodiversity.

Nature methods·2026
Same author

The Glutamine-α-Ketoglutarate Metabolic Axis Controls Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function.

Cells·2026
Same author

A new species of seed-harvester ant in the genus Pogonomyrmex (P. brevibarbis group) with ergatoid queens and intercastes from the Andes of Argentina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae).

Zootaxa·2025
Same author

A Framework for Assessing the Opportunity for Advanced Research, Development, and Regulatory Approval of Medical Countermeasures: A Component of BARDA's Emerging Infectious Diseases Strategy.

The Journal of infectious diseases·2025
Same author

Selective Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Function by COVID-19 Antiviral Drugs: Impact of Heme Oxygenase-1.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

Role of carbon monoxide in cardiovascular function.

William Durante1, Fruzsina K Johnson, Robert A Johnson

  • 1Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, M409 Medical Sciences Building, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA. durantew@health.missouri.edu

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|September 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Carbon monoxide (CO), once viewed as toxic, is now known to regulate cardiovascular functions. Restoring CO levels offers therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disorders like atherosclerosis and hypertension.

More Related Videos

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine
12:37

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Published on: February 9, 2016

Evaluation of Bioenergetic Function in Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells
06:15

Evaluation of Bioenergetic Function in Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: November 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
08:35

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Published on: August 17, 2022

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine
12:37

Surgical Placement of Catheters for Long-term Cardiovascular Exercise Testing in Swine

Published on: February 9, 2016

Evaluation of Bioenergetic Function in Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells
06:15

Evaluation of Bioenergetic Function in Cerebral Vascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: November 19, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Carbon monoxide (CO) is endogenously produced from heme breakdown by heme oxygenase.
  • Previously considered a toxic byproduct, CO is now recognized as a vital signaling molecule.
  • Dysregulation of CO synthesis is linked to various cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiovascular actions of carbon monoxide.
  • To highlight CO as a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on carbon monoxide's role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology.

Main Results:

  • Carbon monoxide regulates numerous cardiovascular functions.
  • Altered CO levels are associated with atherosclerosis, septic shock, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  • Restoring physiological CO levels demonstrates beneficial effects in disease models.

Conclusions:

  • Carbon monoxide plays a critical role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.
  • CO represents a promising therapeutic target for a range of cardiovascular conditions.