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Updated: Jul 19, 2026
A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
Published on: December 8, 2014
Sex differences in baseline neuropsychological function and concussion symptoms of collegiate athletes
T Covassin1, C B Swanik, M Sachs
1Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA. covassin@msu.edu
Objective:
To investigate sex differences in baseline neuropsychological function and concussion symptoms between male and female collegiate athletes.
Methods:
A post-test only design was used to examine baseline neuropsychological test scores and concussion symptoms. A total of 1209 NCAA Division I collegiate athletes from five northeastern universities in the USA completed a baseline ImPACT test. ImPACT, a computerised neuropsychological test battery, was administered during an athlete's pre-season.
Results:
Female athletes performed significantly better than male athletes on baseline verbal memory scores (p = 0.001), while male athletes performed significantly better than female athletes on baseline visual memory scores (p = 0.001). Female athletes endorsed a significant number of mild baseline symptoms as compared to male athletes.
Conclusions:
Male and female athletes exhibit differences on baseline neuropsychological test performance and concussion symptoms.
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