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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
06:24

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Published on: February 13, 2019

Two roles for Rad50 in telomere maintenance.

Jean-Baptiste Vannier1, Annie Depeiges, Charles White

  • 1UMR 6547 CNRS/Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière cedex, France.

The EMBO Journal
|September 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The Rad50 protein protects chromosome ends by preventing telomere shortening and fusions. Its absence promotes recombination, leading to chromosome instability.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Telomeres are crucial for chromosome stability.
  • Rad50 protein plays a role in DNA repair and telomere maintenance.
  • Telomere shortening and end-to-end fusions compromise genomic integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of Rad50 protein in telomere maintenance.
  • To understand how Rad50 influences chromosome end protection.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying Rad50-mediated telomere stability.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and fiber-FISH analyses were employed.
  • Genetic mutations in Rad50 (atrad50) and telomerase (tert) were studied.
  • Anaphase bridges were analyzed in mutant plant lines.

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Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
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Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

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Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
06:24

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Published on: February 13, 2019

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers
11:21

Analyzing Telomeric Protein-DNA Interactions Using Single-Molecule Magnetic Tweezers

Published on: August 30, 2024

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
07:55

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence

Published on: June 26, 2020

Main Results:

  • Absence of AtRad50 causes rapid telomere shortening and end fusions.
  • The atrad50 mutation synergistically increases end fusions in telomerase-deficient plants.
  • Shortened telomeres in atrad50 mutants lead to increased recombination and anaphase bridges.

Conclusions:

  • Rad50 protein is essential for protecting shortened telomeres.
  • Rad50 constrains recombination to sister chromatids, preventing end-to-end fusions.
  • Rad50's role is critical in maintaining telomere integrity and preventing genomic instability.