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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects
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A Novel Tenorrhaphy Suture Technique with Tissue Engineered Collagen Graft to Repair Large Tendon Defects

Published on: December 10, 2021

Novel geometries for tissue-engineered tendonous collagen constructs.

Yaling Shi1, Lawrence Rittman, Ivan Vesely

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA.

Tissue Engineering
|September 26, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Tissue engineering of heart valves shows promise. Researchers created strong, aligned collagen fiber bundles in vitro, demonstrating potential for fabricating composite valve structures.

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Engineering Fibrin-based Tissue Constructs from Myofibroblasts and Application of Constraints and Strain to Induce Cell and Collagen Reorganization

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

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Engineering Fibrin-based Tissue Constructs from Myofibroblasts and Application of Constraints and Strain to Induce Cell and Collagen Reorganization
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Engineering Fibrin-based Tissue Constructs from Myofibroblasts and Application of Constraints and Strain to Induce Cell and Collagen Reorganization

Published on: October 28, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Current mechanical and bioprosthetic heart valves have performance limitations.
  • Tissue-engineered heart valves require complex microstructures mimicking native valves, including layered topology and collagen networks.
  • Developing functional components of aortic valve cusps separately in vitro is a key strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer more complex collagenous structures for heart valve tissue engineering.
  • To investigate the effect of construct geometry on mechanical strength and in vitro integration.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of collagen fiber bundles using directed collagen gel contraction with neonatal rat aortic smooth muscle cells and type I collagen.
  • Casting collagen gels into rectangular or branched wells with porous end holders to allow controlled contraction.
  • Culturing pairs of constructs in contact to assess in vitro integration and bonding strength.

Main Results:

  • Highly compacted and aligned collagen fiber bundles formed after 6-8 weeks of culture.
  • Linear constructs with an 8:1 aspect ratio were significantly stronger than those with a 2:1 aspect ratio (298 kPa vs. 152 kPa).
  • Branching reduced mechanical strength; constructs with 4 free ends were weaker than those with 3 free ends (31 kPa vs. 116 kPa).
  • Histology confirmed integration of crossed collagen bundles with a bonding strength of 2.1 g.
  • Construct geometry significantly affected mechanical strength, with long, linear constructs being strongest and multibranched constructs weakest.

Conclusions:

  • The geometry of molds used for casting collagen constructs greatly influences their mechanical strength.
  • In vitro integration of collagen constructs occurs, suggesting feasibility for fabricating composite heart valve structures.
  • This approach offers a promising direction for developing advanced tissue-engineered heart valves.