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Diffuse pneumocephalus in neonatal Citrobacter meningitis.

Joseph N Alviedo¹, Beena G Sood, Jacob V Aranda

¹Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Hutzel Women's Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.

|September 27, 2006

Summary

Neonatal meningitis rarely causes pneumocephalus (intracranial air). This case details a fatal outcome in a US infant with Citrobacter koseri meningitis and intracranial gas, despite prompt antibiotic treatment.

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Area of Science:

Neonatology
Infectious Diseases
Pediatric Neurology

Background:

Neonatal meningitis is a severe infection, typically bacterial, posing significant risks to newborns.
Pneumocephalus, or intracranial air collection, is an exceptionally rare complication of neonatal meningitis.

Observation:

This report describes the first documented case of pneumocephalus in the United States associated with neonatal meningitis.
The patient was a neonate diagnosed with Citrobacter koseri meningitis, a Gram-negative bacterium.
Intracranial gas accumulation was rapidly identified using cranial sonography and computed tomography.

Findings:

The neonate presented with an acute clinical deterioration.
Despite immediate and appropriate antibiotic therapy, the clinical course was unfortunately fatal.

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Citrobacter koseri meningitis was confirmed as the underlying cause.

Implications:

This case highlights the extreme rarity and potential severity of pneumocephalus in neonatal meningitis.
It underscores the critical need for early diagnosis and aggressive management of neonatal infections.
Further research may be warranted to understand the pathogenesis and identify potential therapeutic strategies for this rare complication.