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The deuterostome ancestor.

John Gerhart1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. jgerhart@berkeley.edu

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|September 27, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Hemichordates and chordates share ancient gene expression maps, suggesting these patterns originated in a common deuterostome ancestor. Chordate evolution involved significant modifications to body axes, including nervous system centralization.

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Comparative genomics
  • Animal phylogeny

Background:

  • Hemichordates are the closest relatives to chordates, offering insights into the evolution of chordate characteristics.
  • Understanding shared ancestral traits versus novel chordate innovations is crucial for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare gene expression patterns between hemichordates and chordates to infer the ancestral state of deuterostomes.
  • To identify conserved and modified features of body axis development in the chordate lineage.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of anteroposterior and dorsoventral gene expression maps for 42 neural patterning genes.
  • Comparative mapping of gene expression domains and key anatomical features (gill slits, heart, tail, mouth) between hemichordates and chordates.
  • Utilized Bmp-Chordin developmental axis for dorsoventral comparisons.

Main Results:

  • A conserved anteroposterior gene expression map exists in both hemichordates and chordates, likely dating back to the deuterostome ancestor.
  • Similarities in dorsoventral gene expression and anatomical feature placement were observed, but with key differences.
  • Chordate evolution shows significant modifications: nervous system centralization, epidermis segregation, notochord derivation, and mouth repositioning.

Conclusions:

  • The study proposes that fundamental body axis patterning was established in the deuterostome ancestor.
  • Chordate body plan evolution involved extensive remodeling of the dorsoventral axis and nervous system.
  • Shared gene expression maps provide a framework for understanding the evolutionary modifications within the chordate lineage.

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