Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview

Genetic polymorphism in drug metabolism is crucial to the inter-individual variability observed in drug responses. Drug metabolism primarily involves the chemical modification of drugs and other xenobiotics to enhance their elimination by increasing their polarity. Two main classes of enzymes mediate this biotransformation process: Phase I enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450s, catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, while other enzymes, such as esterases, mediate hydrolysis, and Phase II...

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases that play a pivotal role in Phase I drug metabolism by catalyzing oxidation and reduction reactions.These enzymes transform lipophilic xenobiotics into more hydrophilic metabolites, facilitating subsequent Phase II conjugation and eventual excretion. The CYP450 family is classified into families (e.g., CYP1–CYP3) and subfamilies (e.g., CYP2A, CYP2C), based on amino acid sequence homology.CYP450 isoenzymes,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Proactive case-finding and risk-stratification in people at risk of chronic liver disease in Greater Manchester: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

BMJ public health·2026

Same author

Marginalising prevention during Health Devolution in Greater Manchester? A qualitative study of the perceptions and experiences of public health professionals.

Journal of public health (Oxford, England)·2026

Same author

UGT1A1 genotype testing for irinotecan: A guideline developed by the UK Centre of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation in Pharmacogenomics (CERSI-PGx).

British journal of clinical pharmacology·2026

Same author

A Method for Estimating Resource Use and Costs when Empirical Data Are Unavailable: Expert Elicitation Study Using the Example of Melanoma.

MDM policy & practice·2026

Same author

Antimicrobial-resistant <i>E. coli</i> in human, animal and environmental reservoirs in rural Bangladeshi households with young children.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Molecular basis of competence for neural induction in the chick embryo.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Pharmacogenetics, the next challenge for pharmacy?

Jessica P Clemerson¹, Katherine Payne, Paul Bissell

¹Centre for Pharmacy, Health and Society, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. paxjpc@nottingham.ac.uk

Pharmacy World & Science : PWS

|September 28, 2006

Summary

Pharmacogenetic technologies are emerging, prompting discussion on the pharmacy profession's role in primary care. Pharmacists may need to adapt to new responsibilities integrating these advancements.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Drug Repurposing Hypothesis Generation Using the "RE:fine Drugs" System

Published on: December 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Pharmacogenomics
Clinical Pharmacy
Healthcare Technology Integration

Background:

Pharmacogenetic technologies are rapidly advancing and poised for integration into healthcare.
The pharmacy profession has a significant opportunity to influence the adoption of these technologies.
Primary healthcare settings are a key area for the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing.

Purpose of the Study:

To raise awareness within the pharmacy profession about upcoming pharmacogenetic technologies.
To stimulate discussion on the potential roles pharmacists can assume in primary care with these technologies.
To explore how the pharmacy profession may need to adapt to accommodate pharmacogenetic advancements.

Main Methods:

This is a commentary, not an empirical study.
It involves a review of current trends and future projections in pharmacogenetics.
Expert opinion and forward-looking analysis are utilized.

Main Results:

Forthcoming pharmacogenetic technologies present new opportunities and challenges for pharmacists.
The pharmacy profession is well-positioned to play a crucial role in the primary care introduction of pharmacogenetics.
Adaptation of professional roles and training will be necessary for successful integration.

Conclusions:

The pharmacy profession must proactively engage with pharmacogenetic technologies.
Developing new roles for pharmacists in pharmacogenetics is essential for optimizing patient care in primary settings.
Anticipating and adapting to these changes will ensure pharmacists remain at the forefront of personalized medicine.