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Related Concept Videos

Shock Waves01:16

Shock Waves

While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the source's speed through it. When this condition is breached, a shock wave occurs.
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Surface Tension01:24

Surface Tension

Surface tension is defined as the force per unit length (γ) acting along the surface of a liquid. It arises due to strong intermolecular forces of attraction. A molecule located inside the bulk of the liquid is surrounded by other molecules and experiences equal forces in all directions. However, a molecule at the surface experiences unbalanced forces because there are more neighboring molecules below than above. This creates a net inward force that pulls surface molecules toward the interior,...
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface01:04

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Plane Surface

When a plane surface is submerged in a fluid, hydrostatic forces develop on the surface due to the fluid's pressure. For horizontal surfaces, the pressure exerted by the fluid is uniform because the depth remains constant. The resultant force is determined by the pressure at the given depth multiplied by the area of the surface, and it acts through the centroid of the surface. For vertical surfaces, the pressure varies with depth, increasing as the distance from the fluid's free surface...
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Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface
08:34

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Published on: April 17, 2015

Ultrafast vibrational dynamics at water interfaces.

John A McGuire1, Y Ron Shen

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 30, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Ultrafast vibrational dynamics at water interfaces were studied using time-resolved sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy. Findings show sub-picosecond relaxation for bonded OH stretches, similar to bulk water, and 1.3 picosecond relaxation for dangling OH stretches.

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Interface Science

Background:

  • Water's unique hydrogen-bonding network influences its properties.
  • Understanding interfacial water dynamics is crucial for various chemical and biological processes.
  • Ultrafast dynamics at interfaces remain less explored than bulk water dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ultrafast vibrational dynamics of neat water interfaces.
  • To characterize the relaxation behavior of interfacial OH stretch modes.
  • To compare interfacial water dynamics with bulk water.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized time-resolved sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (TR-SFVS).
  • Focused on interfacial bonded and dangling OH stretch modes.

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Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
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Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Impacts of Free-falling Spheres on a Deep Liquid Pool with Altered Fluid and Impactor Surface Conditions
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  • Analyzed spectral diffusion, vibrational relaxation, and dephasing times.

    • Main Results:

    • Interfacial bonded OH stretch modes exhibit sub-picosecond relaxation, mirroring bulk water behavior.
    • Dephasing of excitation occurs within 100 femtoseconds.
    • Dangling OH stretch population relaxation shows a time constant of 1.3 picoseconds.

    Conclusions:

    • TR-SFVS provides insights into ultrafast interfacial water dynamics.
    • Interfacial water relaxation processes are comparable to those in bulk water.
    • The study highlights the role of the hydrogen-bonding network in interfacial water dynamics.