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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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PPAR agonists modulate human osteoclast formation and activity in vitro.

B Y Chan1, A Gartland, P J M Wilson

  • 1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK.

Bone
|October 3, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are expressed in human osteoclasts. Isoform-specific PPAR agonists inhibit osteoclast formation and affect bone resorption, suggesting therapeutic potential for bone diseases.

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Published on: March 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cell biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors with three isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma) involved in various cellular functions.
  • Osteoclasts are crucial for bone remodeling, and their dysregulation is implicated in bone diseases.
  • Understanding PPAR expression and function in osteoclasts can reveal new therapeutic targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression of all three PPAR isoforms in human osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclasts.
  • To determine the effects of non-selective and isoform-specific PPAR agonists on osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were differentiated into osteoclasts using RANKL and M-CSF.
  • Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect PPAR isoform expression.
  • Osteoclast formation and resorption were quantified after treatment with fibrates and specific PPAR agonists (GW9578, L165041, ciglitizone).

Main Results:

  • All three PPAR isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma) were expressed throughout osteoclast differentiation and maturation.
  • Non-selective PPAR agonists (bezafibrate, fenofibrate) significantly inhibited osteoclast formation.
  • Isoform-specific agonists demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclast formation, with varied effects on bone resorption (e.g., ciglitizone inhibited, L165041 stimulated resorption).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of all PPAR isoforms' expression during human osteoclast development.
  • PPAR agonists exhibit significant control over osteoclast multinucleation and variable modulation of bone resorption.
  • PPARs represent promising therapeutic targets for conditions characterized by abnormal osteoclast activity.