Related Experiment Videos
Dactinomycin-induced, severe lichenoid eruption in a child
1Department of Pediatric Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
Pediatric Dermatology
|October 4, 2006
Summary
Dactinomycin can cause severe skin rashes, even without radiation therapy. This case highlights a child
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Dermatology
- Pediatric Oncology
Background:
- Limited data exists on dactinomycin-induced skin rashes without radiotherapy.
- Dactinomycin is a chemotherapy agent used in various pediatric cancers.
Observation:
- A 12-month-old male experienced a severe, widespread, pruritic papular eruption and fever post-dactinomycin.
- The patient presented with a poor general state.
Findings:
- Skin biopsy confirmed a lichenoid eruption.
- Topical steroid treatment led to rash improvement.
- Complete resolution occurred within one month, with residual hyperpigmentation.
Implications:
- Dactinomycin-induced cutaneous reactions are possible without concurrent radiotherapy.
- Prompt diagnosis and management, including topical steroids, can resolve these reactions.
- Discontinuation of dactinomycin may be necessary for severe cutaneous adverse events.
Related Concept Videos
01:28Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
01:30Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
01:26Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
01:29Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...