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Amebiasis

Amebiasis

Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

Antiprotozoal Agents

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Development of Antibiotic Resistance

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health concern that arises when bacteria evolve mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotic treatments. This resistance can be intrinsic, acquired through genetic mutations, or transferred between bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. The development of antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges in treating bacterial infections and necessitates ongoing research to develop new therapeutic strategies.Intrinsic resistance occurs when bacterial...

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches

Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches

Published on: October 27, 2013

Multidrug resistance in amoebiasis patients.

Devendra Bansal¹, Rakesh Sehgal, Yogesh Chawla

¹Department of Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.

The Indian Journal of Medical Research

|October 4, 2006

Summary

Drug resistance in Entamoeba histolytica is not currently a major issue in clinical isolates. Further studies are needed to investigate susceptibility to antiamoebic drugs for improved patient management.

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Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches

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Published on: October 27, 2013

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Published on: July 24, 2021

Area of Science:

Medical Parasitology
Molecular Biology
Public Health

Background:

Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba sp., is a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions.
Treatment failures in amoebiasis suggest potential drug resistance, necessitating investigation into resistance mechanisms.
The multidrug resistance (MDR) gene's role in Entamoeba sp. requires further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the presence and expression of the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene mRNA in clinical isolates of Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar.
To investigate potential drug resistance mechanisms in Entamoeba species causing amoebiasis.

Main Methods:

Utilized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR techniques.
Analyzed 45 clinical isolates of Entamoeba sp. (15 E. histolytica, 30 E. dispar).
Extracted DNA and total RNA from clinical isolates and a sensitive E. histolytica strain (HM1: IMSS).

Main Results:

PCR detected the EhPgp1 gene segment in all E. histolytica isolates and the sensitive strain.
Overexpression of EhPgp1 was observed exclusively in a resistant E. histolytica mutant.
No EhPgp1 transcription was detected in any of the clinical isolates or the sensitive E. histolytica strain.

Conclusions:

Drug resistance in clinical Entamo a histolytica isolates does not appear to be a widespread problem currently.
Further investigation into the susceptibility of clinical E. histolytica isolates to various antiamoebic drugs is recommended for optimal patient management.
The study provides baseline data on MDR gene expression in Entamoeba species, contributing to understanding treatment outcomes.