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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
Published on: April 9, 2019
Process-based pharmacology in neuroanesthesia
1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health System, PO Box 800710, Charlottsville, VA 22908-0710, USA. djs4v@Virginia.edu
Abstract:
The present review focuses on the process by which selected pharmacologic agents can be employed in the management of specific problems that arise during surgical procedures, including tumor or trauma with elevated intracranial pressure, previously ruptured aneurysm, and procedures that may require some degree of controlled hypertension, such as carotid endarterectomy or temporary clipping. A balanced view between older established data, newer information, and long-term clinical practice in caring for such patients is presented. The emphasis is on intravenous rather than inhaled agents; issues that involve neuromuscular blockers are not addressed here.
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