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Development of individually distinct recognition cues.

¹Department of Comparative, Human Development and The Institute for Mind and Biology, 5730 South Woodlawn Avenue, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. jmateo@uchicago.edu

Developmental Psychobiology

|October 4, 2006

Summary

Kin recognition cues in Belding's ground squirrels change during development. Young squirrels develop distinct body odors after emerging from their burrows, influencing social recognition and kin preferences.

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Area of Science:

Animal behavior
Chemical ecology
Developmental biology

Background:

Kin recognition is crucial for social behavior, but the developmental changes in recognition cues are poorly understood.
Oral gland secretions in Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) serve as individually and kin-distinct cues for social recognition.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate ontogenetic changes in the chemical cues mediating kin recognition in Belding's ground squirrels.
To determine how the development of individual and kin distinct odors influences social recognition.

Main Methods:

Habituation-discrimination task using odors collected from captive Belding's ground squirrels at various developmental stages (7, 14, 21, 28, and 40 days of age).
Analysis of odor detectability and distinctiveness across early development.

Main Results:

Detectable odors are produced by young squirrels starting at 21 days of age.
Odors become individually distinct only at 28 days of age, after emergence from natal burrows.
An individual's odor continues to develop post-emergence, with odors at 20 and 40 days perceived as dissimilar, while those at 28 and 40 days are perceived as similar.

Conclusions:

Developmental changes in body odor provide a proximate mechanism for the delayed consolidation of littermate preferences in Belding's ground squirrels.
Conspecifics must continuously update their recognition templates to accommodate the evolving olfactory cues of developing young.