Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network (LBDNet).

Radiation protection dosimetry·2016
Same author

Interlaboratory comparison of dicentric chromosome assay using electronically transmitted images.

Radiation protection dosimetry·2012
Same author

Biological dosimetry intercomparison exercise: an evaluation of triage and routine mode results by robust methods.

Radiation research·2011
Same author

Close encounters: RIDGEs, hyperacetylated chromatin, radiation breakpoints and genes differentially expressed in tumors cluster at specific human chromosome regions.

Cytogenetic and genome research·2010
Same author

Histone post-translational modifications in DNA damage response.

Cytogenetic and genome research·2010
Same author

Asynchronously replicating Eu/heterochromatic regions shape chromosome damage.

Cytogenetic and genome research·2010

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Chromatin remodelling and chromosome damage distribution.

W Martínez-López1, M V Di Tomaso

  • 1Department of Genetic Toxicology and Chromosome Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay. wlopez@iibce.edu.uy

Human & Experimental Toxicology
|October 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Histone acetylation patterns influence DNA damage distribution. Chromosome breakpoints induced by radiation and enzymes cluster in specific, less condensed regions rich in acetylated histone H4.

More Related Videos

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
10:44

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage

Published on: January 31, 2018

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cytogenetics

Background:

  • Histone acetylation/deacetylation are key epigenetic mechanisms controlling DNA accessibility.
  • These mechanisms may influence the processing of DNA lesions into chromosomal aberrations.
  • Chromosome breakpoints, often induced by radiation, exhibit non-random distribution patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between chromosome damage distribution and histone acetylation patterns.
  • To determine if DNA damage induced by clastogenic agents co-localizes with specific histone acetylation marks.
  • To explore the role of chromatin conformation in the non-random distribution of DNA lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Treatment of Chinese hamster cells with endonucleases (Alu I, Barn HI, DNase I) and ionizing radiation (neutrons, gamma-rays).
  • Immunolabelling of metaphase chromosomes using antibodies against acetylated histone H4.
  • Analysis of intra- and interchromosomal breakpoint distribution on G-banded chromosomes and correlation with histone acetylation profiles.

Main Results:

  • A co-localization of intrachromosomal breakpoints was observed for both endonuclease- and radiation-induced damage.
  • Breakpoints induced by radiation and endonucleases preferentially clustered in less condensed chromosome regions (G-light bands).
  • These less condensed regions exhibited higher levels of acetylated histone H4.
  • Interchromosomal distribution of radiation-induced lesions concentrated in Chinese hamster chromosomes with specific histone acetylation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Chromosome breakpoint distribution is significantly influenced by histone acetylation patterns.
  • Less condensed, transcriptionally active chromosome regions are more susceptible to DNA damage.
  • Chromatin conformation and nuclear architecture play a crucial role in determining the spatial distribution of DNA lesions.