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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...

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[Obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract on the obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Case report and literature review].

Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico·2008
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[National Re-survey of Arterial Hypertension (RENAHTA). Mexican consolidation of the cardiovascular risk factors. national follow-up cohort].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

[Pathophysiology of heart failure].

Arturo Méndez Ortiz1

  • 1Médico adjunto, Cardiología Adultos 3 piso, INCICH, Tlalpan, DF México. Mendez_Arturo@yahoo.com

Archivos De Cardiologia De Mexico
|October 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Current heart failure treatments targeting neuroendocrine activation offer mid-term benefits but eventually become less effective. This review explores alternative pathways and preventive strategies for advanced heart failure management.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Pathophysiology

Context:

  • Established heart failure therapies target neuroendocrine activation, providing initial benefits.
  • Agents like ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, and spironolactone have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials.
  • Despite these advances, heart failure often progresses to terminal stages, indicating limitations in current treatment paradigms.

Purpose:

  • To review pathophysiologic pathways beyond neuroendocrine activation in heart failure.
  • To explore potential preventive measures for heart failure.
  • To inform the integration of novel strategies into standardized heart failure treatment.

Summary:

  • Current heart failure treatments, while effective in the mid-term by counteracting neuroendocrine effects, face limitations as the disease progresses.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

  • This review examines alternative pathophysiologic mechanisms driving heart failure progression.
  • It proposes the incorporation of new preventive strategies into existing treatment protocols.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the need for evolving heart failure treatment beyond current standards.
    • Suggests novel therapeutic targets and preventive approaches for improved patient outcomes.
    • Aims to reduce disease progression and mortality in advanced heart failure stages.