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Related Concept Videos

Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Endocarditis I: Introduction01:25

Endocarditis I: Introduction

Introduction:Endocarditis is the infection of the endocardium, the inner lining of the heart and its valves. When the heart muscle is involved, the condition is termed myocarditis, while an infection of the outer lining is called pericarditis. Infective endocarditis (IE) primarily affects the endocardium, where pathogens adhere to the valves or lining, forming vegetation that can lead to severe complications. Infective endocarditis occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from other body...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis01:25

Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:29

Endocarditis IV: Nursing Management

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a chronic infection of the heart's endocardium, primarily affecting the heart valves. A detailed nursing assessment for a patient with IE involves collecting subjective and objective data to ensure an accurate diagnosis and timely intervention.Subjective DataThe nurse gathers information about the patient's symptoms and complaints during the subjective assessment. Patients with infective endocarditis often report non-specific symptoms that can mimic other...
Genital Herpes01:23

Genital Herpes

Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi
12:33

Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi

Published on: July 6, 2016

Primary vulvar nocardiosis.

Angelo Gallo1, Gaia Bettoni, Gaetano Trezzi

  • 1Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Milano Bicocca University, Bergamo, Italy.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|October 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Primary vulvar nocardiosis, a rare bacterial skin infection, presented atypically in a patient with prior vulvar cancer treatment. This case highlights the need for careful diagnosis as it mimics advanced vulvar carcinoma.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi
12:33

Determination of Biofilm Initiation on Virus-infected Cells by Bacteria and Fungi

Published on: July 6, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Nocardiosis is an uncommon bacterial infection caused by Nocardia species, typically affecting the skin at injury sites.
  • Nocardia bacteria are soil saprophytes belonging to the order Actinomycetales.

Observation:

  • A 68-year-old woman presented with a painful, dark red vulvar lesion, a history of prior radiotherapy for vulvar leiomyosarcoma.
  • Pathology confirmed nocardial infection with extensive necrosis involving the ischiopubic bone.

Findings:

  • The nocardial infection was advanced and resistant to initial antibiotic therapy.
  • Extensive surgical intervention, including radical vulvectomy and partial pubic bone excision, was necessary.
  • Multiple reconstructive surgeries using myocutaneous flaps were performed due to wound necrosis recurrence.

Implications:

  • This is the first reported case of primary vulvar nocardiosis.
  • Vulvar nocardiosis can clinically resemble advanced vulvar cancer, necessitating a high index of suspicion.
  • Aggressive surgical management and reconstruction may be required for extensive vulvar nocardiosis.