[Ultrasound screening at 18-20 weeks.]

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Medical Imaging
• Public Health

Context:

• Mid-pregnancy ultrasound screening (18-20 weeks) is a cornerstone of modern antenatal care.
• Established in Iceland (1984-1986), the program has evolved with advancements in medical knowledge and technology.
• The screening protocol is based on extensive cohort studies and randomized trials.

Purpose:

• To systematically assess gestational age, placental location, and fetal anatomy.
• To establish Icelandic reference standards for fetal assessment methods.
• To implement a necessary screening approach for detecting fetal deviations, as many anomalies occur in low-risk pregnancies.

Summary:

• The study details the implementation and evolution of a national mid-pregnancy ultrasound screening program in Iceland.
• It highlights the systematic evaluation of fetal anatomy and the establishment of national guidelines and educational standards.
• The program integrates dating, placental localization, and anomaly detection into routine antenatal care.

Impact:

• Improved pregnancy dating and prenatal diagnosis, enabling informed decisions regarding termination or preparation for neonatal care.
• Detection of most lethal or seriously handicapped fetuses, significantly impacting obstetric practice.
• Universal acceptance and appreciation of the screening scan as an integral component of Icelandic antenatal care.