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General Anesthesia: Overview

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.

Stages of General Anesthesia

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac Catheterization I: Pre-Procedure Overview

Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...

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Related Experiment Video

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Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

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Published on: May 26, 2023

Anaesthesia for procedures in the intensive care unit.

M Chollet-Rivier¹, R L Chioléro

¹Anesthesiology Department, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland. Madeleine.Chollet-Rivier@chuv.hospvd.ch

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology

|October 5, 2006

Summary

Anesthesiologists can enhance intensive care by managing complex procedures with specialized knowledge. Collaboration improves patient safety through advanced sedation, analgesia, and monitoring techniques like target-controlled infusions and electroencephalographic signals.

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Objective Nociceptive Assessment in Ventilated ICU Patients: A Feasibility Study Using Pupillometry and the Nociceptive Flexion Reflex

Published on: July 4, 2018

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Intensive Care Medicine

Background:

Managing severely ill patients in intensive care requires specialized knowledge.
Collaboration between anesthesiologists and intensive care specialists can improve patient safety and care quality.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the crucial role of anesthesiologists in intensive care settings.
To discuss the application of advanced anesthetic techniques in intensive care.

Main Methods:

Review of anesthetic care forms: sedation/analgesia, monitored anesthetic care, general/conduction block anesthesia.
Exploration of new anesthetic techniques, including balanced anesthesia concepts (pharmacokinetics/dynamics).
Discussion of novel administration and monitoring methods for intravenous anesthesia.

Main Results:

Anesthesiologists offer expertise in sedation and analgesia using short-acting agents and sedative-opioid combinations.
Advanced techniques like target-controlled infusion and electroencephalographic monitoring are applicable in intensive care.

Conclusions:

Anesthesiologist involvement is vital for complex procedures in intensive care.
New anesthetic strategies can optimize patient management and monitoring in the intensive care unit.