Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Rat Model for Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Published on: March 27, 2026
Brachial plexus block
Alain Borgeat1, Georgios Ekatodramis
1Department of Anesthesia, Orthopedic University Clinic Zurich/Balgrist, Zurich, Switzerland. aborgeat@balgrist.unizh.ch
Purpose Of Review:
In recent years there has been a renewed interest in regional anesthesia, particularly peripheral nerve blockade, in order not only to improve the patient's well being, but also to meet the requirements of modern orthopedic surgery. These requirements include appropriate conditions to perform early and efficient rehabilitation.
Recent Findings:
The upper extremity is well designed for the practice of the perineural catheter technique, since we have three main approaches, interscalene, infraclavicular and axillary, which allow all territories involved in specific surgical procedures to be blocked with only one shot or catheter. Recent developments have focused on modification of traditional technical approaches, improving the safety of the procedure, finding a more efficient way to administer the local anesthetic through the perineural catheter, and examining new indications and modes of performing regional anesthesia.
Summary:
Early rehabilitation is currently a key point for the success of orthopedic surgery. The rapid development of peripheral nerve blockade gives the anesthesiologist the means to face this new challenge.
Related Concept Videos
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia
One of the advantages of...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus II
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs
Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...
Sites for measuring blood pressure
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
