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The Toronto Mindfulness Scale: development and validation.

Mark A Lau1, Scott R Bishop, Zindel V Segal

  • 1Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and the University of Toronto. mark_lau@camh.net

Journal of Clinical Psychology
|October 5, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers developed and validated the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), a new self-report measure. The TMS demonstrates good psychometric properties and predicts treatment outcomes, showing increased scores with meditation experience and after mindfulness programs.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Mindfulness Research

Background:

  • Mindfulness is a key component in various therapeutic interventions.
  • Validated self-report measures are crucial for assessing mindfulness states.
  • Existing measures may not fully capture the nuances of the mindfulness experience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), a novel self-report measure of mindfulness.
  • To examine the psychometric properties of the TMS, including internal consistency and factor structure.
  • To assess the criterion and incremental validity of the TMS in relation to meditation experience and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Study 1: Developed the TMS and assessed its internal consistency, factor structure (Curiosity, Decentering), and convergent validity in individuals with and without meditation experience.

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  • Study 2: Investigated the criterion and incremental validity of the TMS in participants of 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction programs.
  • Utilized statistical analyses to evaluate psychometric properties and predictive relationships.

    • Main Results:

    • The TMS demonstrated good internal consistency and a two-factor structure (Curiosity and Decentering).
    • TMS scores positively correlated with mindfulness meditation experience.
    • TMS scores increased post-treatment in mindfulness programs, with Decentering scores predicting clinical improvements.

    Conclusions:

    • The Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) is a psychometrically sound measure of the mindfulness state.
    • The TMS shows promise as a tool for research and clinical practice.
    • The TMS's ability to predict treatment outcomes highlights its clinical utility in mindfulness interventions.