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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems

Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
Overview of Secretory Vesicles01:33

Overview of Secretory Vesicles

Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport01:45

Overview of Protein Sorting and Transport

Eukaryotic cells have different membrane-bound organelles with distinct protein requirements. The process by which proteins are targeted to a specific organelle is called protein sorting.
Protein sorting can be of two types: signal-based sorting and vesicle-based trafficking. In signal-based sorting, specific amino acid sequences called sorting signals target proteins to the proper location inside the cell either via gated transport or by protein translocation.  In gated transport, folded...
Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...

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Monitoring the Assembly of a Secreted Bacterial Virulence Factor Using Site-specific Crosslinking
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Published on: December 17, 2013

Secretion by numbers: Protein traffic in prokaryotes.

Anastasias Economou1, Peter J Christie, Rachel C Fernandez

  • 1Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, F O R T H and University of Crete, PO Box 1527, GR-711 10 Iraklio, Crete, Greece.

Molecular Microbiology
|October 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This review covers bacterial protein secretion systems, including SecA protein dynamics, membrane insertion, and various secretion pathways like type III, IV, and the novel type VI system. It explores mechanisms and physiological roles of protein traffic in bacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Bacterial protein secretion is crucial for cellular function and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding protein traffic mechanisms is essential for deciphering bacterial physiology.
  • A comprehensive overview of bacterial secretion systems was presented at the ASM-FEMS meeting.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key findings and discussions from the ASM-FEMS meeting on bacterial protein traffic.
  • To highlight advancements in understanding protein secretion mechanisms and their physiological relevance.
  • To provide an overview of diverse bacterial secretion systems, from established to newly discovered ones.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies presented at the ASM-FEMS meeting.
  • Analysis of molecular dynamics of specific proteins like SecA.
  • Examination of secretion pathways including type III, type IV, and type VI systems.

Main Results:

  • Detailed insights into the molecular dynamics of the SecA protein.
  • Mechanistic understanding of membrane protein insertion processes.
  • Characterization of type III secretion needles and chaperones.
  • Review of type IV secretion systems and their functions.
  • Discussion of two-partner and autosecretion systems.
  • Exploration of the 'secretion competent state' in bacteria.
  • Introduction to the recently discovered type VI secretion system.

Conclusions:

  • The ASM-FEMS meeting provided a broad overview of bacterial protein traffic.
  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms and roles of various secretion systems.
  • The discovery of new systems like type VI secretion highlights the dynamic nature of this field.