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Influenza

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...

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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...

Factors Affecting Illness

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
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Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

[Study of flu costs].

Xavier Badia Llach¹, Montserrat Roset Gamisans, José M Francés Tudel

¹Health Outcomes Research Europe, Barcelona, España.

Atencion Primaria

|October 6, 2006

Summary

Influenza epidemics in Spain incur significant costs, primarily impacting hospitals and workforce productivity. These economic burdens are disproportionately higher for elderly and chronically ill individuals.

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Health Economics

Background:

Influenza epidemics represent a substantial public health concern.
Estimating the economic burden of influenza is crucial for resource allocation and policy development.

Purpose of the Study:

To comprehensively evaluate the direct and indirect costs associated with influenza epidemics within Spanish society.

Main Methods:

An observational, longitudinal, multi-centre study was conducted.
Data were collected on healthcare and non-healthcare resource utilization.
The study included 662 individuals diagnosed with influenza across primary care, hospital emergency services, and an elderly care facility.

Main Results:

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Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

A Luciferase-fluorescent Reporter Influenza Virus for Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection

Published on: August 14, 2019

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

Influenza A Virus Studies in a Mouse Model of Infection

Published on: September 7, 2017

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Use of an Influenza Antigen Microarray to Measure the Breadth of Serum Antibodies Across Virus Subtypes

Published on: July 26, 2019

Influenza epidemics in Spain incurred an estimated cost of 1036.9 million euros, assuming a 7.9% incidence rate.

The majority of diagnosed cases originated from hospital emergency services (60.7%) and primary care centres (36.9%).

Costs associated with influenza were notably higher in individuals over 65 and those with chronic conditions.

Conclusions:

The economic impact of influenza primarily falls on hospital systems and through lost workdays.
Influenza poses a greater financial burden on high-risk patient groups, including the elderly and those with chronic illnesses.