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Related Experiment Videos

Drowning.

Walter R Hasibeder1

  • 1Division of General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. walter.hasibeder@uibk.ac.at

Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology
|October 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Drowning is a preventable accident causing severe hypoxemia and potential central nervous system damage. Aggressive resuscitation and treatment, especially for hypothermia, are crucial for survival and good neurological outcomes in near-drowning victims.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Drowning is a significant cause of preventable morbidity and mortality.
  • The primary injury is pulmonary, leading to severe hypoxemia and secondary organ damage.
  • Central nervous system damage is critical for survival and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on the pathophysiology and treatment of drowning accidents.
  • To review studies and case reports on drowning, near-drowning, asphyxia, hypoxia, and hypothermia.
  • To identify effective organ system and specific treatment options for drowning victims.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search using keywords: drowning, near-drowning, asphyxia, hypoxia, hypothermia.
  • Inclusion of studies and case reports focusing on organ systems and treatments.

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  • Synthesis of current knowledge on drowning pathophysiology and management.

    • Main Results:

    • Drowning is suffocation in liquid; near-drowning involves survival beyond 24 hours.
    • Pulmonary injury and hypoxemia are common, affecting other organs, especially the brain.
    • Accurate neurological prognosis is difficult to predict from initial assessments.

    Conclusions:

    • Drowning victims can survive neurologically intact after prolonged submersion, particularly in cold water.
    • Aggressive initial resuscitation and treatment are vital for near-drowning victims.
    • Immediate hypoxia interruption, hypothermia management, and cardiovascular support are key treatment strategies.