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Related Concept Videos

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

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Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Related Experiment Videos

Primary antiphospholipid nephropathy beginning during pregnancy.

Evandro M Klumb1, Maria Celia de Andrade, Nilson R Jesús

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Ave. 28 de Setembro no. 77-333, CEP/ZC: 22510-030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. klumb@uol.com.br

Rheumatology International
|October 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnancy can cause severe kidney issues like nephrotic syndrome and hematuria. Prompt anticoagulation led to a full recovery, highlighting the importance of early intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Obstetrics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and pregnancy complications.
  • Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by heavy protein in the urine, low protein in the blood, and swelling.
  • Pregnancy can exacerbate underlying conditions and present unique diagnostic and management challenges.

Observation:

  • A 29-year-old pregnant woman at 16 weeks gestation presented with nephrotic syndrome and massive hematuria.
  • Renal biopsy revealed chronic ischemic glomerular lesions without proliferative changes, alongside immune deposits suggestive of lupus nephritis.
  • The patient had antiphospholipid antibodies, indicating antiphospholipid syndrome.

Findings:

  • Antiphospholipid syndrome can manifest with significant renal involvement during pregnancy, mimicking lupus nephritis or thrombotic microangiopathy.
  • The patient experienced hypertension, massive proteinuria, and hematuria, indicative of severe kidney damage.
  • Despite the severity, the renal lesions were chronic and ischemic, not acutely thrombotic.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering antiphospholipid syndrome in pregnant women with unexplained nephrotic syndrome and hematuria.
  • Early diagnosis and initiation of anticoagulation therapy are crucial for favorable outcomes in APS-related kidney disease during pregnancy.
  • Management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving nephrologists, obstetricians, and rheumatologists to address the complex interplay of APS, pregnancy, and renal health.