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Oxidations of Aldehydes and Ketones to Carboxylic Acids

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Oxidation of aldehydes and ketones results in the formation of carboxylic acids. Aldehydes, bearing hydrogen next to the carbonyl group, are easily oxidized compared to ketones. This is because an aldehydic proton can easily be abstracted during oxidation.
Aldehydes readily undergo oxidation in strong oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate and chromic acid. The oxidation can also be carried out using mild oxidizing agents such as silver oxide. In fact, aldehydes can be easily oxidized...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Rapid Quantification of Oxidized and Reduced Forms of Glutathione Using Ortho -phthalaldehyde in Cultured Mammalian Cells In Vitro

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[Modification of a catalase by glutaraldehyde].

R N Mishaeva, L R Gudkin, N P Kuznetsov

Prikladnaia Biokhimiia I Mikrobiologiia

|October 7, 2006

Summary

Researchers stabilized catalase enzyme activity using glutaraldehyde cross-linking. This polycondensation method protected the enzyme from heat and maintained its structure by forming oligomers linked to the catalase.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Enzyme kinetics
Protein chemistry

Context:

Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is crucial for cellular defense against reactive oxygen species.
Enzyme stability is a key challenge in biotechnological applications.
Thermal denaturation limits enzyme utility in various industrial processes.

Purpose:

To investigate the polycondensation of catalase with glutaraldehyde.
To stabilize the enzyme's quaternary structure and activity.
To enhance thermal denaturation resistance of catalase.

Summary:

Polycondensation reactions between catalase and glutaraldehyde were studied.
A superequivalent consumption of aldehyde groups indicated the formation of glutaraldehyde oligomers.

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These oligomers formed cross-links with the enzyme, stabilizing its structure.

Impact:

Successful stabilization of catalase activity and structure.
Enhanced protection against thermal denaturation.
Potential for improved enzyme performance in industrial and therapeutic applications.