Birth of the macromolecule

Area of Science:

• Chemistry
• Biochemistry
• Physical Chemistry

Background:

• Historically, small molecules were characterized using methods like melting and distillation.
• The study of large natural and biological molecules presented challenges due to their limited properties.
• Early attempts to explain large molecule behavior relied on colloid chemistry concepts.

Purpose of the Study:

• To detail the historical struggle for the acceptance of the macromolecular concept.
• To highlight the pivotal role of analytical ultracentrifugation in establishing the macromolecule.
• To underscore the thermodynamic significance of new characterization tools.

Main Methods:

• Historical review of scientific concepts and acceptance.
• Focus on the development and application of the analytical ultracentrifuge.
• Discussion of colloid chemistry versus macromolecular theory.

Main Results:

• The concept of covalently bonded macromolecules faced significant resistance.
• The analytical ultracentrifuge emerged as a key instrument for studying large molecules.
• The development of this technique provided profound thermodynamic insights.

Conclusions:

• The acceptance of the macromolecular concept was a significant scientific advancement.
• The analytical ultracentrifuge was instrumental in validating the existence and properties of macromolecules.
• This historical phase illustrates the evolution of scientific understanding through technological innovation.