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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...

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Related Experiment Videos

Selenium and coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis.

Gemma Flores-Mateo1, Ana Navas-Acien, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso

  • 1Departmentsof Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|October 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Low selenium levels may increase cardiovascular disease risk, but evidence from supplements is inconclusive. Further research is needed to confirm selenium

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Biomarkers

Background:

  • Hypothesized link between low selenium concentrations and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • Potential role of selenium supplements in preventing coronary heart disease (CHD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analyze the association between selenium biomarkers and CVD endpoints in observational studies.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of selenium supplements in preventing CVD endpoints through randomized trials.

Main Methods:

  • Searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases (1966-2005).
  • Included 25 observational studies (cohort and case-control) and 6 randomized trials.
  • Pooled relative risks using an inverse-variance weighted random-effects model.

Main Results:

  • Observational studies showed an inverse association: highest vs. lowest selenium categories (RR 0.85 cohort, 0.43 case-control).
  • A 50% increase in selenium was linked to a 24% CVD risk reduction in observational studies.
  • Randomized trials of selenium supplements showed inconclusive results (RR 0.89).

Conclusions:

  • Selenium concentrations are inversely associated with CVD risk in observational studies, but validity is uncertain.
  • Evidence on selenium supplements for CVD prevention is inconclusive.
  • More research is needed; selenium supplements are not currently recommended for CVD prevention.