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Regulation of gastric acid secretion.
1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire VAMC, Richmond, Virginia 23249, USA. Mitchell.Schubert@med.va.gov
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|October 7, 2006
Summary
This study reviews recent advances in understanding gastric acid secretion regulation. Key stimulants include histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine, while somatostatin acts as a primary inhibitor.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Neuroendocrinology
- Cellular Physiology
Background:
- Gastric acid secretion is a complex process regulated by central, peripheral, and intracellular mechanisms.
- Understanding the interplay of neurotransmitters, paracrine agents, and hormones is crucial for comprehending gastric physiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent developments in the regulation of gastric acid secretion.
- To elucidate the roles of various signaling molecules in controlling acid production.
Main Methods:
- Review of scientific literature published over the past year.
- Analysis of mechanisms involving neurotransmitters (acetylcholine), paracrine agents (histamine, somatostatin), and hormones (gastrin).
Main Results:
- Histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine are primary stimulants of parietal cell acid secretion.
- Histamine acts via H(2) receptors, gastrin stimulates histamine release, and acetylcholine acts on muscarinic M(3) receptors.
- Somatostatin inhibits acid secretion by acting on parietal, enterochromaffin-like, and gastrin cells.
- Helicobacter pylori infection in duodenal ulcer patients is linked to elevated gastrin and acid secretion.
Conclusions:
- Recent findings enhance our understanding of gastric acid secretion regulation at multiple levels.
- The intricate network of signaling pathways controlling gastric acid secretion is further clarified.
- Helicobacter pylori may play a significant role in altering gastric acid homeostasis in ulcer disease.
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