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Surface freezing in binary alkane-alcohol mixtures.

E Ofer1, E Sloutskin, L Tamam

  • 1Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|October 10, 2006
PubMed
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Surface freezing in alcohol-alkane mixtures reveals solution-like behavior, with phase separation upon freezing. The surface film transitions from an ordered alkane monolayer to a disordered rotator phase as alkane concentration increases.

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Pure alkanes form ordered monolayers during surface freezing.
  • Pure alcohols form ordered bilayers during surface freezing.
  • Alcohol-alkane mixtures present unique challenges due to differing molecular structures and freezing behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate surface freezing phenomena in alcohol-alkane mixtures.
  • Understand the structural transitions and phase behavior of surface frozen films.
  • Correlate bulk and surface freezing properties with molecular composition.

Main Methods:

  • Surface tensiometry to measure surface properties.
  • Surface-specific X-ray scattering to determine film structure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Systematic variation of alkane and alcohol carbon numbers to minimize length mismatch.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed solution-like behavior where mixtures phase-separate upon freezing, both in bulk and at the surface.
    • Identified a transition from a herringbone crystalline phase (alkane mole fraction < 0.8) to a rotator phase (alkane mole fraction > 0.8).
    • Characterized the surface frozen film as an alkane monolayer with composition-dependent molecular tilt below the transition, and a disordered phase above it.

    Conclusions:

    • Alcohol-alkane mixtures exhibit predictable phase separation upon freezing.
    • The surface frozen film structure is dictated by the alkane mole fraction, transitioning from ordered to disordered.
    • The observed behavior is consistent with minimizing length mismatch repulsion and intrinsic phase properties.