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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Granular materials in rotating tumblers form a core that ideally rotates with the container.
  • Deviations in core rotation (precession) and size (erosion) reveal subsurface granular motion.
  • The influence of gravity on this subsurface flow remains underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of increased gravity on the precession and erosion of a granular material core in a rotating tumbler.
  • To understand how gravity influences subsurface granular flow dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted using a quasi-two-dimensional tumbler filled with two colors of 0.5 mm glass beads.
  • The tumbler was mounted in a centrifuge to achieve gravitational accelerations from 1g to 12g.
  • Core precession and erosion were monitored over 250 revolutions at various g-levels.

Main Results:

  • Flowing layer thickness was independent of g-level for constant Froude numbers.
  • Shear rate in the flowing layer increased with increasing g-level.
  • Core precession increased with g-level, while core erosion remained largely unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • Increased core precession is attributed to higher shear rates at elevated g-levels.
  • Core erosion is linked to a creep region decay constant, related to slow diffusion, and is unaffected by gravity.
  • Gravity significantly impacts granular flow dynamics, primarily by altering shear rates and core precession.