Membrane bioreactor for cell tissues and organoids

Progresses in polymeric membrane preparation and in the understanding and control of their transport properties make possible the design of novel membranes to be used for cell culture (e.g., hepatocytes, lymphocytes, pancreatic islets) in biohybrid systems such as therapeutic device or as in vitro model systems for studying the effects of various drugs and chemicals on cell metabolism. Special attention is paid to the design of the membrane with defined microstructure and physicochemical properties as well as to the importance of transport and physicochemical properties of the membrane in contact with the cells. The development of new biomaterials and bioreactors able to activate a specific response of the cells and to maintain cell differentiation for a long time is one of the most pertinent issues in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Polymeric membranes are attractive for their selectivity and biostability characteristics in the use of biohybrid systems for cell culture. Semipermeable membranes act as a support for the adhesion of anchorage-dependent cells and allow the specific transport of metabolites and nutrients to cells and the removal of catabolites and specific products. Moreover, new membrane systems that have been recently realized as the membrane contactors might also potentially contribute to regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.