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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforcement Polymer Composite Laminates Obtained by Different Fabrication Processes
Published on: June 30, 2023
Fracture strength of direct versus indirect laminates with and without fiber application at the cementation interface
Marco M M Gresnigt1, Mutlu Ozcan
1University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Department of Dentistry and Dental Hygiene, Clinical Dental Biomaterials, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands. marcogresnigt@yahoo.com
Objectives:
This study compared the fracture strength of direct and indirect resin composite laminate veneers and evaluated the effect of a bidirectional E-glass woven fiber application at different locations at the cementation interface.
Methods:
Standard preparations on canines (N=50, 10 per group) were made using a depth cutting bur (0.7mm depth) designed for laminate veneer restorations. Forty indirect laminates using a highly filled polymeric material (Estenia) and 10 direct laminates (Quadrant Anterior Shine) were prepared according to the manufacturer's instructions. Bidirectional E-glass woven-fiber sheet (0.06mm) (Everstick) was applied at different locations at the cementation interface. The control group received no fibers. The specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 1 month prior to fracture testing performed in a universal testing machine where the load was applied from the incisal direction at 137 degrees (1mm/min).
Results:
No significant differences were found between the five groups (P>0.01) (one-way ANOVA). While indirect laminate veneers showed mean fracture strength of 247+/-47N, direct laminate veneers revealed 239+/-104N. The use of E-glass fibers at the cementation interface at different locations did not increase the fracture strength significantly (286-313N) (P>0.01). Failure analysis showed mainly cohesive fracture of the veneer restoration (20/50) and adhesive failure between the cementation interface and the laminate with fiber exposure (19/50) covering more than half of the restorations.
Significance:
Direct and indirect resin composite laminate veneers showed comparable mean fracture strengths. The use of E-glass woven-fiber sheet at the cementation interface did not increase the fracture strength of the polymeric laminate veneers.
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