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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

L Michael Prisant1, Thomas A Dillard, Amy R Blanchard

  • 1Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA. mprisant@mcg.edu

Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)
|October 10, 2006
PubMed
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) causes upper airway collapse, leading to intermittent hypoxemia and daytime hypertension. Effective treatments include lifestyle changes and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) results from upper airway collapse during sleep.
  • This collapse causes intermittent hypoxemia, hypercapnia, acidosis, and sympathetic nervous system activation.
  • OSAS is strongly linked to hypertension, with increased incidence correlating to apnea severity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea.
  • To highlight the association between OSAS and hypertension.
  • To discuss diagnostic methods and treatment strategies for OSAS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension.
  • Analysis of the relationship between apneic events and blood pressure.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic interventions for OSAS.

    • Main Results:

    • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by upper airway collapse, leading to intermittent hypoxemia and arousal.
    • A high prevalence of hypertension is observed in OSAS patients, increasing with the severity of breathing events.
    • Obesity is a significant risk factor for developing OSAS.

    Conclusions:

    • Obstructive sleep apnea is a major contributor to hypertension, particularly resistant hypertension.
    • Diagnosis requires overnight polysomnography.
    • Management involves lifestyle modifications and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, which can modestly improve blood pressure.