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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Measuring Maxillary Posterior Tooth Movement: A Model Assessment using Palatal and Dental Superimposition

Published on: February 23, 2024

Lip shape and position in Class II division 2 malocclusion.

Grant T McIntyre¹, Declan T Millett

¹Orthodontic Department, Dundee Dental Hospital and School, Dundee, UK. grant.t.mcintyre@tuht.scot.nhs.uk

The Angle Orthodontist

|October 13, 2006

Summary

The shape and position of lips significantly differ between Class II division 2 and Class I malocclusions. These findings highlight distinct lip characteristics in different orthodontic classifications.

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Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Dental Morphology
Cephalometric Analysis

Background:

Class II division 2 malocclusion presents unique incisor and skeletal relationships.
Understanding lip morphology is crucial for diagnosing and treating malocclusions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and compare the shape and position of the lips in individuals with Class II division 2 malocclusion versus Class I malocclusion.

Main Methods:

Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 60 subjects (30 Class II div 2, 30 Class I) were digitized.
21 landmarks of lips and incisors were analyzed using Procrustes algorithms and discriminant analysis.
Shape differences were assessed via principal component analysis of landmark configurations.

Main Results:

Significant differences in lip shape and position were observed between the two groups (P < .001).
Class II division 2 subjects exhibited thicker upper and lower lips (PC1, 46% variance).
A relatively higher lip line was noted in the Class II division 2 group (PC2, 11% variance).

Conclusions:

The study confirms distinct differences in lip morphology between Class II division 2 and Class I malocclusions.
These findings contribute to the understanding of facial characteristics associated with different malocclusion types.