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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
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Kinematic, kinetic and EMG patterns during downward squatting.

Valdeci Carlos Dionisio1, Gil Lúcio Almeida, Marcos Duarte

  • 1Laboratory of Clinical Studies in Physical Therapy, University of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. vcdionisio@gmail.com

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology
|October 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This study examined squatting biomechanics with trunk movement restricted. Key findings reveal distinct muscle activation and joint torque patterns during squat phases, crucial for motor function enhancement.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Analysis

Background:

  • Squatting is a fundamental human movement.
  • Understanding squatting mechanics is vital for rehabilitation and athletic performance.
  • Trunk restriction influences lower limb kinematics and kinetics during squats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic (EMG) patterns during squatting with restricted trunk movement in the sagittal plane.
  • To analyze these patterns at different knee flexion angles (semisquatting and half squatting).
  • To provide insights for practitioners using squats to improve motor function.

Main Methods:

  • Eight healthy subjects performed squats with trunk movement restricted.
  • Kinematics were recorded using an optoelectronic system.

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  • Kinetics (center of pressure, joint torques) and EMG of major leg muscles were measured.

    • Main Results:

    • The tibialis anterior initiated the squat movement from an upright position.
    • During acceleration, the center of pressure moved posteriorly with no significant muscle activation.
    • Deceleration showed increased knee extension torque and substantial quadriceps activation.

    Conclusions:

    • Squatting with trunk restriction involves specific kinematic, kinetic, and EMG strategies.
    • Distinct phases of the squat (initiation, acceleration, deceleration) exhibit unique biomechanical characteristics.
    • This understanding can guide the use of squats for optimizing motor function.