Supersize teens: the metabolic syndrome
Rollyn M Ornstein1, Marc S Jacobson
1Division of Adolescent Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA. rornstei@nshs.edu
Adolescent Medicine Clinics
|October 13, 2006
Summary
Metabolic syndrome, characterized by insulin resistance, is increasingly diagnosed in pediatric populations. Early screening and lifestyle changes are key for prevention, with medication as a secondary option.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Metabolic Health
- Cardiovascular Risk in Youth
Background:
- Rising rates of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes necessitate research into metabolic syndrome in adolescents.
- Metabolic syndrome in youth presents with key features like insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity.
- These clustered risk factors significantly elevate long-term cardiovascular disease risk in the pediatric population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the growing concern and characteristics of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents.
- To emphasize the importance of early detection and screening for metabolic syndrome in this demographic.
- To outline current therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on pediatric metabolic syndrome.
- Analysis of characteristic clinical features and associated health risks.
- Evaluation of established screening protocols and treatment guidelines.
Main Results:
- Metabolic syndrome is a significant emerging health issue in children and adolescents.
- Early identification of insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abdominal obesity is crucial.
- Therapeutic lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of management.
Conclusions:
- Screening for metabolic syndrome in pediatric populations is vital for cardiovascular risk reduction.
- Lifestyle interventions are the primary treatment approach for pediatric metabolic syndrome.
- Pharmacological interventions may be considered when lifestyle changes are insufficient.
More Related Videos
10:31An Experimental Model of Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rabbit: Methodological Considerations, Development, and Assessment
Published on: April 20, 2018
09:40Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
Published on: January 19, 2017
Related Concept Videos
01:24Obesity
The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
01:21Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
01:26Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Unlike hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell volume. This process often occurs in response to higher functional demand or hormonal stimulation, leading to the production of more structural proteins and organelles, thereby enhancing the cells' work capacity.There are two primary types of hypertrophy: physiological...