Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2026

A Fibrin-Enriched and tPA-Sensitive Photothrombotic Stroke Model
Published on: June 4, 2021
Progression of warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage after INR normalization with FFP
Sung B Lee1, Edward M Manno, Kennith F Layton
1Division of Critical Care Neurology, Department of Neurology,Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
To identify hematoma progression in patients with warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) despite international normalized ratio (INR) normalization with fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), we reviewed 45 patients with warfarin-associated ICH given FFP. The median time for door to INR normalization was 30 hours (14 to 49.5), with 4 patients' hematomas enlarging after INR normalization. FFP is associated with substantial time delay to actual administration and pulmonary edema and may not prevent progression of ICH despite INR normalization.
To identify hematoma progression in patients with warfarin-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) despite international normalized ratio (INR) normalization with fresh-frozen plasma (FFP), we reviewed 45 patients with warfarin-associated ICH given FFP. The median time for door to INR normalization was 30 hours (14 to 49.5), with 4 patients' hematomas enlarging after INR normalization. FFP is associated with substantial time delay to actual administration and pulmonary edema and may not prevent progression of ICH despite INR normalization.
Related Concept Videos
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...

