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Related Concept Videos

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...
Peptic Ulcer01:27

Peptic Ulcer

Peptic ulcers are erosive lesions of the gastric or duodenal lining, most commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. This Gram-negative, helical bacterium has adapted to survive the stomach’s acidic environment by producing urease, which converts urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The ammonia neutralizes gastric acid in the bacterium’s immediate environment, allowing colonization of the gastric mucosa. H. pylori attaches to mucus-secreting epithelial cells, penetrates the mucus...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Multi-Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Gastric Cancer Based on Ion Semiconductor Sequencing Platform
06:21

Multi-Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Gastric Cancer Based on Ion Semiconductor Sequencing Platform

Published on: May 10, 2024

Gastric cancer.

J C Yao1, J A Ajani

  • 1Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Disease, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|October 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Gastric adenocarcinoma, a common upper GI cancer, is increasingly found at the gastroesophageal junction. Postoperative chemoradiotherapy improves survival after curative resection for stage Ib-IV disease.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common upper gastrointestinal malignancy.
  • Recent trends show a migration of gastric cancer toward the gastroesophageal junction.
  • Factors like gastroesophageal reflux and obesity are implicated, alongside emerging biologic and molecular differences in patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding and treatment strategies for gastric adenocarcinoma.
  • To highlight the prognostic and therapeutic implications of biologic and molecular differences.
  • To discuss the role of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies in managing gastric cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent research on gastric cancer epidemiology, biology, and treatment.
  • Analysis of findings from key clinical trials, such as Intergroup trial 0116.

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Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
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Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Published on: February 16, 2024

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Multi-Gene Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection in Gastric Cancer Based on Ion Semiconductor Sequencing Platform
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Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia
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Establishment and Evaluation of a Risk Prediction Model for Pathological Escalation of Gastric Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia

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  • Discussion of current standards of care and areas for future investigation.

    • Main Results:

    • Postoperative chemoradiotherapy following curative (R0) resection significantly improved overall and disease-free survival in Intergroup trial 0116.
    • This regimen is now considered a standard of care for stage Ib-IV gastric cancer patients post-R0 resection.
    • Metastatic gastric cancer remains largely incurable, necessitating the development of more effective systemic agents.

    Conclusions:

    • Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the current standard for resected stage Ib-IV gastric cancer.
    • Preoperative therapy is under investigation to improve R0 resection rates.
    • Further research into biologic/molecular differences is crucial for predicting outcomes and guiding therapy for advanced gastric cancer.