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Updated: Jul 19, 2026
Polyelectrolyte Complex for Heparin Binding Domain Osteogenic Growth Factor Delivery
Published on: August 22, 2016
Porcine enamel protein fractions contain transforming growth factor-beta1
Takatoshi Nagano1, Shinichiro Oida, Shinichi Suzuki
1Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan. nagano-takatoshi@tsurumi-u.ac.jp
Background:
Enamel extracts are biologically active and capable of inducing osteogenesis and cementogenesis, but the specific molecules carrying these activities have not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to identify osteogenic factors in porcine enamel extracts.
Methods:
Enamel proteins were separated by size-exclusion chromatography into four fractions, which were tested for their osteogenic activity on osteoblast-like cells (ST2) and human periodontal ligament (HPDL) cells.
Results:
Fraction 3 (Fr.3) and a transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) control reduced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in ST2 but enhanced ALP activity in HPDL cells. The enhanced ALP activity was blocked by anti-TGF-beta antibodies. Furthermore, using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we demonstrated that Fr.3 can induce the promoter activity of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) gene.
Conclusion:
These results show that the osteoinductive activity of enamel extracts on HPDL cells is mediated by TGF-beta1.
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