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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...

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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Host-virus interaction: a new role for microRNAs.

Vinod Scaria1, Manoj Hariharan, Souvik Maiti

  • 1GN Ramachandran Knowledge Center for Genome Informatics, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, CSIR, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India. vinods@igib.res.in

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs crucial in biological processes and host-pathogen interactions. Viral infections involve complex miRNA-host crosstalk, offering potential for new biomarkers and therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression.
  • miRNAs play significant roles in various biological processes.
  • Emerging evidence highlights miRNAs' critical involvement in host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of microRNAs in host-pathogen interactions, particularly viral infections.
  • To understand how viral and host miRNAs modulate each other.
  • To identify potential applications of miRNA-mediated crosstalk in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on miRNA function in biological systems.
  • Analysis of studies investigating miRNA involvement in viral infections.
  • Examination of host and viral miRNA encoding and their regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Both hosts and viruses encode miRNAs that influence infection dynamics.
  • miRNA-mRNA crosstalk at the host-pathogen interface is extensive and complex.
  • Host factors like gene expression changes and viral mutations further intricate these interactions.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA-mediated crosstalk is a key factor in viral infections, influencing tropism, latency, and oncogenesis.
  • Understanding these interactions can elucidate viral pathogenesis.
  • miRNAs represent promising targets for novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies against viral diseases.