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Gastric secretion.

Mitchell L Schubert1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Medical College of Virginia and McGuire VAMC Richmond, Virginia 23249, USA. Mitchell.Schubert@med.va.gov

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
|October 13, 2006
PubMed
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Gastric acid secretion is regulated by complex neural and hormonal pathways. Novel peptides like ghrelin and leptin, along with Helicobacter pylori infection, significantly impact this process.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Cell Physiology

Background:

  • Gastric acid secretion is intricately controlled by neural, hormonal, and paracrine signaling.
  • Human gastric mucosa possesses a distinct submucosal plexus with diverse neurotransmitters, unlike rodents.
  • The role of certain peptides and pathogens in regulating gastric acid secretion is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex regulatory mechanisms of gastric acid secretion.
  • To highlight the roles of various neurotransmitters and novel peptides in gastric function.
  • To discuss the impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on acid secretion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on gastric acid secretion.
  • Analysis of neural pathways and neurotransmitter functions in the gastric mucosa.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of hormonal regulation and the effects of specific peptides (ghrelin, leptin).
  • Investigation into the impact of Helicobacter pylori infection.

    • Main Results:

    • Human gastric submucosal plexus contains neurotransmitters like nitric oxide, VIP, GRP, substance P, and CGRP.
    • Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) role in human meal-stimulated gastrin secretion is uncertain.
    • Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and novel peptides ghrelin and leptin influence acid secretion.
    • Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to altered gastric acid secretion (hypo- or hyperchlorhydria).

    Conclusions:

    • Gastric acid secretion involves a sophisticated interplay of neural, hormonal, and paracrine factors.
    • PACAP, ghrelin, and leptin represent important modulators of gastric acid secretion.
    • Helicobacter pylori infection significantly disrupts normal gastric acid regulation through inflammatory cytokines.