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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

Fast-dissolving microparticles fail to show improved oral bioavailability.

S M Wong¹, I W Kellaway, S Murdan

¹Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, London WC1N 1AX, UK.

The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

|October 13, 2006

Summary

Improving oral drug bioavailability for poorly soluble drugs (Class II) is challenging. Rapidly dissolving particles did not enhance griseofulvin absorption in rats, indicating dissolution rate isn't always predictive of in-vivo performance.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Drug Delivery Systems
Biopharmaceutics

Background:

Oral dosage forms are preferred for systemic drug delivery.
Poor water solubility and gastrointestinal permeability hinder drug development.
Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs require strategies to improve bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

To enhance the in-vivo oral bioavailability of a model BCS Class II drug, griseofulvin.
To investigate the effectiveness of rapidly dissolving particles prepared using the solvent-diffusion method.
To assess the correlation between in-vitro dissolution rate and in-vivo absorption.

Main Methods:

Griseofulvin particles were prepared using a solvent-diffusion method with a hydrophilic surfactant blend (Brij 76/Tween 80).
Characterization of particle size and morphology (bipyramidal habit).
In-vitro dissolution testing and in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats.

Main Results:

Prepared particles exhibited a small size (2.18 µm) and rapid in-vitro dissolution (approx. 70% in 30 min) compared to the control (12.61 µm, approx. 10%).
Despite enhanced in-vitro dissolution, the in-vivo oral bioavailability of griseofulvin was not significantly improved.
The absorption profile in rats was similar for both the prepared particles and the control drug.

Conclusions:

Rapid in-vitro dissolution of BCS Class II drugs does not always guarantee enhanced in-vivo oral bioavailability.
Particle size and dissolution rate alone may not be sufficient predictors of in-vivo drug performance.
Further investigation into factors influencing drug absorption beyond dissolution is warranted for poorly soluble compounds.