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Nitrate intake does not influence bladder cancer risk: the Netherlands cohort study
Maurice P Zeegers1, Roel F M Selen, Jos C S Kleinjans
1Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. m.p.zeegers@bham.ac.uk
Environmental Health Perspectives
|October 13, 2006
Summary
This study found no significant link between dietary nitrate intake and bladder cancer risk. Researchers investigated nitrate exposure from food and drinking water in a large cohort but observed no association with cancer development.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Cancer Epidemiology
- Toxicology
Background:
- N-nitroso compounds, formed from nitrate-derived nitrite, are suspected bladder carcinogens.
- Epidemiologic data on nitrate exposure from food and drinking water and bladder cancer risk is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between nitrate exposure from diet and drinking water and bladder cancer risk.
- To evaluate potential effect modification by vitamin C, vitamin E, and smoking status.
Main Methods:
- The Netherlands Cohort Study included 120,852 men and women aged 55-69.
- Dietary nitrate intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaires and a nitrate content database.
- Nitrate exposure from beverages was estimated by linking residential postal codes to water company data.
Main Results:
- No significant association was found between nitrate exposure (food, drinking water, or total) and bladder cancer risk.
- Multivariate incidence rate ratios comparing highest to lowest quintiles of intake were consistently around 1.06-1.09.
- Vitamins C and E intake and smoking status did not significantly modify the observed associations.
Conclusions:
- Despite biological plausibility, this study does not support an association between nitrate exposure and bladder cancer.
- Further research may be needed to fully elucidate the role of nitrate in bladder carcinogenesis.
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