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Related Concept Videos

Symbiosis00:58

Symbiosis

Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Make Conditional Mutants of Human Malaria Parasite P. falciparum
09:25

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Make Conditional Mutants of Human Malaria Parasite P. falciparum

Published on: September 18, 2018

Chemotherapy of malaria.

R G Ridley1, A T Hudson

  • 1Pharmaceuticals Division, Department PRPI-D, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland. robert_g.ridley@roche.com

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases
|October 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

New antimalarial drugs, including artemisinin derivatives and fixed-dose combinations, show promise. Research also explores novel targets like phospholipid metabolism and genetic information for future malaria treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Clinical trials validate semi-synthetic artemisinin derivatives and fixed-dose combination therapies for malaria.
  • Ongoing development includes novel single agents such as etaquine, pyronaridine, and azithromycin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current and emerging antimalarial drug candidates.
  • To highlight new molecular targets and approaches in antimalarial drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial evidence for existing and novel antimalarial therapies.
  • Assessment of preclinical research in synthetic compounds and natural product chemistry.
  • Identification of emerging molecular targets for drug development.

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Ookluc: A Plasmodium berghei Line for Identifying Transmission-blocking Compounds

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 18, 2026

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Make Conditional Mutants of Human Malaria Parasite P. falciparum
09:25

CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Make Conditional Mutants of Human Malaria Parasite P. falciparum

Published on: September 18, 2018

In Vitro Assay of Plasmodium-Infected Red Blood Cell Killing by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
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In Vitro Assay of Plasmodium-Infected Red Blood Cell Killing by Cytotoxic Lymphocytes

Published on: August 17, 2022

Ookluc: A Plasmodium berghei Line for Identifying Transmission-blocking Compounds
07:14

Ookluc: A Plasmodium berghei Line for Identifying Transmission-blocking Compounds

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Main Results:

  • Established efficacy of artemisinin derivatives and fixed-dose combinations (Malarone, co-artemether, chlorproguanil-dapsone).
  • Active development pipeline for single agents including etaquine, pyronaridine, and azithromycin.
  • Sustained interest in synthetic endoperoxides, quinoline analogues, and natural products.

Conclusions:

  • Dihydrofolate reductase remains a key drug target.
  • Phospholipid metabolism presents a novel therapeutic approach.
  • Genomic data is expected to yield numerous new drug targets in the next decade.