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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters01:11

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System I: Kidneys and Ureters

The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

Reconstructive surgery of the upper urinary tract.

V R Jayanthi1

  • 1Division of Urology, Columbus Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.

Current Opinion in Urology
|October 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

This review covers recent advancements in upper urinary tract reconstruction, focusing on diagnosis and surgical repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Minimally invasive techniques are highlighted for treating these complex urinary tract conditions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
06:39

Technical Modification of the Terminal Ureter During Total Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy for Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Published on: November 22, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Medical Literature Review

Background:

  • Upper urinary tract reconstruction addresses congenital or acquired abnormalities affecting the renal pelvis and ureter.
  • Ureteropelvic junction obstruction is a common cause of pediatric and adult hydronephrosis requiring surgical intervention.
  • Advances in surgical techniques continue to evolve, aiming for improved patient outcomes and reduced morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and critically evaluate the latest research in upper urinary tract reconstruction published within the last year.
  • To identify and discuss ongoing controversies in the diagnosis and surgical management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
  • To highlight the role and advancements of minimally invasive approaches in reconstructive urology.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of major scientific databases for relevant publications.
  • Systematic review and synthesis of studies focusing on upper urinary tract reconstruction techniques.
  • Analysis of diagnostic controversies and surgical outcomes, with a focus on minimally invasive procedures.

Main Results:

  • Key publications from the past year reveal evolving diagnostic criteria for ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
  • Surgical repair strategies continue to be debated, particularly concerning the optimal approach for complex cases.
  • Minimally invasive techniques, including laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgeries, are increasingly prominent and show promising results.

Conclusions:

  • The field of upper urinary tract reconstruction is dynamic, with ongoing refinement in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Minimally invasive surgery represents a significant trend, offering potential benefits in recovery and outcomes for ureteropelvic junction obstruction.
  • Further research is needed to definitively address current controversies and standardize best practices in reconstructive urology.