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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice
06:35

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Biliary stone causing afferent loop syndrome and pancreatitis.

André Roncon Dias Dias1, Roberto Iglesias Lopes

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. roncon86@hotmail.com

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|October 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary

A rare case of acute pancreatitis in an 84-year-old female was caused by afferent loop syndrome, stemming from a gallstone migrating through a cholecystoenteric fistula after a prior gastrectomy.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice
06:35

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice

Published on: June 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Surgical Case Reports

Background:

  • Partial gastrectomy with Billroth-II anastomosis is a surgical procedure for peptic ulcer disease.
  • Afferent loop syndrome can be a complication of Billroth-II anastomosis.

Observation:

  • An 84-year-old female presented with acute pancreatitis.
  • The patient had a history of partial gastrectomy with Billroth-II anastomosis 24 years prior.
  • The pancreatitis was secondary to afferent loop syndrome.

Findings:

  • The afferent loop syndrome was caused by a gallstone.
  • The gallstone migrated through a cholecystoenteric fistula.
  • This is the first reported instance of a biliary stone causing afferent loop syndrome.

Implications:

  • This case highlights a novel etiology for afferent loop syndrome.
  • Understanding this rare complication is crucial for managing post-gastrectomy patients.
  • It emphasizes the importance of considering unusual biliary pathways in complex gastrointestinal presentations.