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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Poliomyelitis01:17

Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

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In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus
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In Vivo Imaging Systems (IVIS) Detection of a Neuro-Invasive Encephalitic Virus

Published on: December 2, 2012

Equine viral arteritis.

N James MacLachlan1, Udeni B Balasuriya

  • 1School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is an uncommon horse disease causing economic losses. Prevention is achievable through screening, management, quarantine, and vaccination.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Equine Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is an economically significant disease in horses.
  • It causes direct losses through abortion, neonatal pneumonia, and febrile illness in performance horses.
  • Indirect economic impacts arise from trade restrictions due to persistently infected carrier stallions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the impact and prevention strategies for Equine viral arteritis (EVA).

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EVA.
  • Analysis of economic impacts and disease transmission.
  • Evaluation of prevention and control measures.

Main Results:

  • EVA leads to substantial direct and indirect economic losses in the equine industry.

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  • Persistently infected carrier stallions pose a significant risk to trade and animal movement.
  • Effective prevention is possible through integrated strategies.

    • Conclusions:

    • EVA, while uncommon, necessitates robust control measures.
    • Serological and virological screening are crucial for identifying infected horses.
    • Integrated management, including quarantine and vaccination, effectively prevents EVA spread.