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Drug-induced urolithiasis.

B Hess1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University Hospital, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland.

Current Opinion in Urology
|October 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain drugs, particularly protease inhibitors for HIV, can cause kidney stones and crystallization. Indinavir frequently leads to crystalluria and stones, while ritonavir may cause acute kidney injury.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology
  • Urology

Background:

  • Drug-induced urolithiasis is rare, accounting for less than 0.5% of analyzed renal stones.
  • Crystallization in the urinary tract can manifest as asymptomatic crystalluria, symptomatic crystalluria, stone passage, obstructive uropathy, or tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on drug-induced kidney stone formation.
  • To highlight the emerging role of protease inhibitors in causing urinary tract crystallization.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of drug-induced urolithiasis.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and drug-specific effects.

Main Results:

  • Protease inhibitors used for human immunodeficiency virus treatment are a significant cause of urinary tract crystallization.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Indinavir can cause crystalluria and renal stone formation in up to 50% of patients, with potential for acute renal failure.
  • Ritonavir is more frequently associated with reversible acute renal failure than stone formation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Protease inhibitors represent a notable class of drugs causing urinary tract crystallization.
    • Indinavir poses a considerable risk for nephrolithiasis and obstructive nephropathy.
    • Understanding drug-induced nephrotoxicity is crucial for patient management.