Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 19, 2026
07:38
Intracellular Phosphoflow Cytometry of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patient-Derived Xenotransplants
Published on: June 6, 2025
Molecular pathways in follicular lymphoma
R J Bende1, L A Smit, C J M van Noesel
1Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Leukemia
|October 14, 2006
Summary
Follicular lymphoma (FL) pathogenesis involves the t(14;18) genetic event, leading to BCL-2 overexpression. This review explores genetic pathways, micro-environmental factors, and mouse models to understand FL development.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- The t(14;18) translocation, causing BCL-2 overexpression, is an early event in ~90% of FL cases.
- Secondary genetic alterations driving FL development remain incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the genetic pathways in FL tumorigenesis and progression.
- To examine the influence of micro-environmental factors, particularly B-cell receptor ligands.
- To discuss insights from murine lymphoma models regarding human lymphomagenesis.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of genetic alterations in FL.
- Analysis of micro-environmental influences on FL pathogenesis.
- Evaluation of findings from experimental mouse models of lymphoma.
Main Results:
- Identified key genetic pathways implicated in FL initiation and progression.
- Highlighted the role of B-cell receptor signaling and micro-environment in FL.
- Demonstrated the utility of mouse models in elucidating FL development.
Conclusions:
- Understanding FL requires integrating genetic events, micro-environmental interactions, and model system data.
- Further research into secondary alterations and micro-environmental factors is crucial for therapeutic advancements.
- Murine models provide valuable platforms for studying FL pathogenesis and testing novel therapies.
Related Concept Videos
01:31The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway
Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
01:18Lymphoid Cells and Tissues
Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
01:16Primary Lymphoid Organs
Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...
03:03mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
The mTOR pathway or the...