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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
05:50

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Paediatric thoracic tumours presenting as empyema.

Khalid Sharif1, Helen Alton, Jane Clarke

  • 1Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, B4 6NH, UK. ksharif@hotmail.com

Pediatric Surgery International
|October 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Paediatric intra-thoracic tumours can mimic empyema. A computed tomogram (CT) scan with intravenous (IV) contrast is valuable for preoperative evaluation in unusual childhood empyema cases.

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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
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Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

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Last Updated: Jul 19, 2026

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
05:50

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
03:22

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Thoracic Oncology
  • Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

  • Childhood empyema is typically evaluated with ultrasonography (US).
  • Intra-thoracic tumours can present with symptoms similar to post-pneumonic empyema.
  • Misdiagnosis can lead to delayed treatment and complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To raise awareness that paediatric intra-thoracic tumours can mimic childhood empyema.
  • To highlight the utility of computed tomogram (CT) scan with intravenous (IV) contrast in preoperative evaluation.
  • To identify selected cases where advanced imaging is crucial.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of eight children with intra-thoracic tumours initially diagnosed as empyema.
  • Review of clinical features, laboratory findings, and imaging (X-ray, US, CT).
  • Histopathological confirmation of tumour types and comparison with preoperative imaging.

Main Results:

  • Eight (5.3%) of 150 empyema cases were found to have intra-thoracic tumours.
  • All patients presented with signs and symptoms suggestive of empyema.
  • Preoperative CT with IV contrast correctly identified tumours in four cases, distinguishing them from empyema.

Conclusions:

  • Caution is advised in the preoperative evaluation of childhood empyema.
  • Computed tomogram (CT) scan with intravenous (IV) contrast is recommended for selected and unusual cases.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis is critical for appropriate management of paediatric thoracic conditions.